Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution

Se analizaron los cambios en la cobertura de líquenes foliosos de troncos en la ciudad de San José, Costa Rica, de 1976 a 1997, con base en conteos de cobertura que usaron cuadrículas de 10 X 10 cm en 11 estaciones. Las coberturas medias totales fueron 23% en 1976, 12% en 1986, 9% en 1990 y 22% in 1...

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Autores principales: Monge-Nájera, Julián, González, María I, Rivas Rossi, Marta, Méndez-Estrada, Víctor Hugo
Formato: Online
Idioma:eng
Publicado: Universidad de Costa Rica 2002
Acceso en línea:https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/16288
id RBT16288
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spelling RBT162882022-05-25T21:46:24Z Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution Monge-Nájera, Julián González, María I Rivas Rossi, Marta Méndez-Estrada, Víctor Hugo long term change bioindication lichens urban air pollution cities tropical climate We report lichen cover change over a 20 years period for the Costa Rican capitol city. Foliaceous lichen cover was measured with a 10 X 10 cm template positioned 1.5 m above ground on the south, east, north and west sides of ten phorophytic trees per station (11 stations) from 1976 through 1997. Results were compared with previous measurements along an urban transect (at three heights above ground) and in a rural station. Lichen cover was correlated with traffic density and varied between stations and years. Mean lichen cover was 23% in 1976, 12% in 1986, 9% in 1990 and 22% in 1997. Most stations suffered a large cover reduction after 1976 but improved after 1990, possibly reflecting improved traffic regulations and elimination of lead (Pb) from gasoline. Cover values by cardinal orientation were: west 17%, east 14%, north 13% and south 12%. Sidewalks of streets with more traffic had lower cover values. In the rural station, cover was lower than expected (possibly because of climate), and was not correlated with height above ground or cardinal orientation, in contrast with temperate regions. In polluted cities human activity should concentrate above the first floor of buildings (particularly in hospitals or schools) because pollution was found to concentrate in the first 2 m above ground. Se analizaron los cambios en la cobertura de líquenes foliosos de troncos en la ciudad de San José, Costa Rica, de 1976 a 1997, con base en conteos de cobertura que usaron cuadrículas de 10 X 10 cm en 11 estaciones. Las coberturas medias totales fueron 23% en 1976, 12% en 1986, 9% en 1990 y 22% in 1997. Hubo un deterioro después de 1976 y una mejora a partir de 1986, al disminuir la cantidad de plomo en la gasolina y mejorarse los patrones de tránsito. La mayor cobertura se da en el lado oeste de los troncos y en las aceras de calles más transitadas. En una localidad rural estacional (Turrúcares de Alajuela) no hubo relación entre cobertura de líquenes y lado, altura sobre el suelo, y diámetro, color y textura del tronco. Universidad de Costa Rica 2002-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Article application/pdf https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/16288 Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 50 No. 1 (2002): Volume 50 - Regular number 1 - March 2002; 309–319 Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 50 Núm. 1 (2002): Volumen 50 - Número regular 1 - Marzo 2002; 309–319 Revista Biología Tropical; Vol. 50 N.º 1 (2002): Volume 50 - Regular number 1 - March 2002; 309–319 2215-2075 0034-7744 eng https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/16288/15768 Copyright (c) 2002 Revista de Biología Tropical http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
institution Universidad de Costa Rica
collection Revista de Biología Tropical
language eng
format Online
author Monge-Nájera, Julián
González, María I
Rivas Rossi, Marta
Méndez-Estrada, Víctor Hugo
spellingShingle Monge-Nájera, Julián
González, María I
Rivas Rossi, Marta
Méndez-Estrada, Víctor Hugo
Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution
author_facet Monge-Nájera, Julián
González, María I
Rivas Rossi, Marta
Méndez-Estrada, Víctor Hugo
author_sort Monge-Nájera, Julián
description Se analizaron los cambios en la cobertura de líquenes foliosos de troncos en la ciudad de San José, Costa Rica, de 1976 a 1997, con base en conteos de cobertura que usaron cuadrículas de 10 X 10 cm en 11 estaciones. Las coberturas medias totales fueron 23% en 1976, 12% en 1986, 9% en 1990 y 22% in 1997. Hubo un deterioro después de 1976 y una mejora a partir de 1986, al disminuir la cantidad de plomo en la gasolina y mejorarse los patrones de tránsito. La mayor cobertura se da en el lado oeste de los troncos y en las aceras de calles más transitadas. En una localidad rural estacional (Turrúcares de Alajuela) no hubo relación entre cobertura de líquenes y lado, altura sobre el suelo, y diámetro, color y textura del tronco.
title Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution
title_short Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution
title_full Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution
title_fullStr Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution
title_full_unstemmed Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution
title_sort twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (costa rica) and its relation with air pollution
title_alt Twenty years of lichen cover change in a tropical habitat (Costa Rica) and its relation with air pollution
publisher Universidad de Costa Rica
publishDate 2002
url https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/16288
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