Iran and Venezuela: From Peripheral Realism to Resilient Diplomacy (1999-2023)
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| Formato: | Online |
| Idioma: | spa eng |
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
2023
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| Acceso en línea: | https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/18592 |
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RI185922023-06-16T11:48:57Z Iran and Venezuela: From Peripheral Realism to Resilient Diplomacy (1999-2023) Irán y Venezuela: del realismo periférico a la diplomacia resiliente (1999-2023) Cardozo, Alejandro Niño, César Ahmadineyad Chávez Maduro Raisi realismo periférico resiliencia Ahmadinejad Chávez Maduro peripheral realism Raisi resilience This article aims to demonstrate that Tehran and Caracas have managed to circumvent the dynamics of the international system, and have developed alternative ways of surviving the liberal order through resilient diplomacy.. Which, according to the evidence we provide, surpasses the theory of peripheral realism, not as an epistemological improvement, but as empirical facts of the foreign policy of both. Iran and Venezuela have developed two revolutionary diplomatic phases that respond to two critical moments in their relations with the Liberal International System (LIS), a rebellious phase (Chávez- Ahmadinejad) and challenges where the postulates of peripheral realism are met and later a resilient diplomacy (MaduroRaisi) that allows overcoming the LIS pressures and punishments. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que Teherán y Caracas han logrado sortear las dinámicas del sistema internacional, y han desarrollado vías alternativas de supervivencia al orden liberal a través de una diplomacia resiliente. La cual, según la evidencia que aportamos, supera la teoría del realismo periférico, no como una mejora epistemológica, sino como hechos empíricos de la polí- tica exterior de ambos. Irán y Venezuela han desarrollado dos fases diplomáticas revolucionarias que responden a dos momentos críticos de sus relaciones con el Sistema Internacional Liberal (SIL), una fase rebelde (Chávez-Ahmadineyad) y de desafíos donde se cumplen los postulados del realismo periférico, posteriormente una diplomacia resiliente (Maduro-Raisi) que permite superar las presiones y puniciones del SIL. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica 2023-06-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 application/pdf text/html application/epub+zip audio/mpeg audio/mpeg application/xml https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/18592 10.15359/ri.96-1.6 Relaciones Internacionales; Vol. 96 No. 1 (2023): International Relations; 165-189 Relaciones Internacionales; Vol. 96 Núm. 1 (2023): Relaciones Internacionales; 165-189 2215-4582 1018-0583 spa eng https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/18592/28281 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/18592/28282 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/18592/28283 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/18592/28284 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/18592/28285 https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/18592/28697 Derechos de autor 2023 Alejandro Cardozo, César Niño |
| institution |
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica |
| collection |
Revista Relaciones Internacionales |
| language |
spa eng |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Cardozo, Alejandro Niño, César |
| spellingShingle |
Cardozo, Alejandro Niño, César Iran and Venezuela: From Peripheral Realism to Resilient Diplomacy (1999-2023) |
| author_facet |
Cardozo, Alejandro Niño, César |
| author_sort |
Cardozo, Alejandro |
| title |
Iran and Venezuela: From Peripheral Realism to Resilient Diplomacy (1999-2023) |
| title_short |
Iran and Venezuela: From Peripheral Realism to Resilient Diplomacy (1999-2023) |
| title_full |
Iran and Venezuela: From Peripheral Realism to Resilient Diplomacy (1999-2023) |
| title_fullStr |
Iran and Venezuela: From Peripheral Realism to Resilient Diplomacy (1999-2023) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Iran and Venezuela: From Peripheral Realism to Resilient Diplomacy (1999-2023) |
| title_sort |
iran and venezuela: from peripheral realism to resilient diplomacy (1999-2023) |
| title_alt |
Irán y Venezuela: del realismo periférico a la diplomacia resiliente (1999-2023) |
| publisher |
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| url |
https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/ri/article/view/18592 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT cardozoalejandro iranandvenezuelafromperipheralrealismtoresilientdiplomacy19992023 AT ninocesar iranandvenezuelafromperipheralrealismtoresilientdiplomacy19992023 AT cardozoalejandro iranyvenezueladelrealismoperifericoaladiplomaciaresiliente19992023 AT ninocesar iranyvenezueladelrealismoperifericoaladiplomaciaresiliente19992023 |
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